How Hormones Control Hunger, Eating & Satiety | Episode 16
Main Takeaways
The hypothalamus plays a significant role in controlling hunger, eating, and satiety.
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) reduces appetite and is released from the pituitary gland. It is activated by ultraviolet light and is responsible for reduced appetite in warmer months.
Agouti-related peptide (AGRP) neurons stimulate eating and are involved in the anticipation of food.
Ghrelin is released from the GI tract and stimulates neurons that increase hunger and anticipatory signals. It causes cravings or desires to eat certain foods at certain times of the day.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) released by the gut has a powerful effect in reducing appetite. CCK release is governed by neurons and mucosa of the gut microbiome and stimulated by fatty acids, amino acids, and sugar.
Emulsifiers in highly processed foods limit the gut’s ability to identify what is in the food and send satiety signals to shut down hunger. It also disrupts the hormonal and neural systems that increase the desire to eat, leading to obesity, diabetes, and other related diseases.
Insulin is secreted from the pancreas and manages glucose levels. Glucagon is secreted when hungry and pulls energy out of the liver and muscles for fuel until glycogen stores are depleted.
Macronutrients are associated with an increase in blood glucose in the following order: carbohydrates, fat, protein.
Adequate HDL is good because it can move fats to tissues that manufacture hormones. When LDL is high, it can lead to a buildup of fat.
Metformin, Berberine, Chromium, Ginseng, Magnesium, Apple cider vinegar, acidic foods, and Yerba Mate have been shown to have a minor impact on blood glucose levels.
